Centuries after the first fleeting highland visits, Early Archaic foragers settled Peru's high Andes year-round. Permanence took hold at Asana, in the Moquegua highlands, after about 10,700 years ago, and at Junín camps such as Pachamachay near 9,700–9,500 years ago. By around 9,000 years ago, isotopic signatures from Cuncaicha burials show lives lived permanently above 2,500 meters. They hunted camelids on the cold puna, worked hides into clothing and shelter covers, built small houses with hearths, and wove plant-fiber mats and cordage against the wind. What had been seasonal hunting ranges became lasting camps where families endured the highland year. Cold, thin air, and sparse forage became ordinary life. The high Andes stopped being a place to visit and became a homeland.
Cuando la alta puna se hizo hogar
En el Arcaico temprano, tras siglos de visitas fugaces a la cordillera, los forrajeadores fijaron residencia en los Andes altos del Perú. Asana, en las alturas de Moquegua, consolida permanencia después de unos 10 700 años; en la puna de Junín, campamentos como Pachamachay lo hacen hacia 9700–9500. Hacia el 9000, los isótopos de Cuncaicha revelan vidas enteras por encima de los 2500 metros. Cazaban camélidos en la puna fría, trabajaban cueros para abrigo y coberturas, levantaban casas con fogón e hilaban esteras y cordelería de fibra vegetal. El territorio de cacería estacional se tornó asiento familiar durante todo el año. Frío y aire ralo se volvieron cotidianos: la alta cordillera dejó de ser tránsito y se hizo hogar.
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